| Sources |
- [S1681] US Federal Census: 1930 MA, Worcester Co., E. D. 267, Southbridge Town, p. 8.
- [S1548] Miscellaneous: USA Social Security Death Index (http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/vital/ssdi/main.htm).
- [S1682] US Federal Census: 1910 MA, Worcester Co., E. D. 1813, Southbridge Town, p. 2.
- [S1683] US Federal Census: 1920 MA, Worcester Co., E. D. 149, Southbridge Town, p. 2.
- [S1607] US Military / Pensions: MA, Worcester Co., Southbridge, WW1 Draft Registrations.
- [S1550] US Military / Pensions: MA, Worcester Co., WW2 Draft Registrations (Old Man's).
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